什么是紫微斗数 · What is Zi Wei Dou Shu
Zi Wei Dou Shu, lesson 1: BaZi is a weather map. Zi Wei is a detailed street map, with twelve palaces and a story in each one
第一模块 · 基础 · Module 1 · Foundations · 约 16 分钟，另有约 75 分钟的动手练习 about 16 minutes, plus a hands-on exercise of about 75 minutes
这一页是本课的文字版。课里还有 2 个图示与练习，以及一段拿真盘一步步做的动手练习，要在学院里打开才能操作：打开互动版。
This page is the text of the lesson. The lesson also has 2 interactive diagrams and exercises, and a hands-on exercise on a real chart. They work only in the Academy: open the interactive lesson.
八字把您的一生画成一张天气图：哪十年多雨、哪十年干旱，看的是气候与大势。紫微斗数换了一种画法——它把人生摊开成一张高清地图：婚姻单独一格，钱财单独一格，事业、健康、子女、朋友，各占一格，格格分明。天气图告诉您要不要带伞；地图告诉您哪条街住着谁、哪个路口容易堵车。两张图看同一个人生，取景完全不同——这正是学了八字还要学紫微的理由。
BaZi draws your life as a weather map. It shows which decades are rainy and which are dry: the overall climate, and the direction things are moving. Zi Wei Dou Shu draws the same life in a different way, as a detailed street map. Marriage has its own area on this map, and so does money. Career, health, children and friends each have a clearly marked area too. A weather map tells you whether to take an umbrella. A street map tells you who lives on which street and which intersections get jammed. Both maps show the same life, but they show it in completely different ways. That is why someone who already knows BaZi still has good reason to learn Zi Wei.
在拆解之前，先看一眼这门学问的全景。本课的讲解视频就在页首，它把一张真实的紫微盘摊开，十二个宫依次点亮：这就是紫微斗数看人生的方式，不是用一句话概括您，而是把人生分成十二格，逐格细看。
Before we take anything apart, look at the subject as a whole. The lesson video at the top of this page opens a real Zi Wei chart and lights up its twelve palaces one by one. That is how Zi Wei looks at a life. It does not sum you up in one sentence. It divides your life into twelve palaces and looks at each one in turn.
注意视频里的次序：先亮的是格子，不是星。这正是紫微斗数的思维顺序，宫位先于星曜。很多人学到一半卡住，就是因为先背了很多星名，却不知道星要落在哪一宫才有意义。
Notice the order in the video: the palaces light up first, and the stars come after. That is the order of thinking in Zi Wei: palace first, star second. Many students get stuck halfway through because they memorized lots of star names first. Nobody told them that a star only means something once you know which palace it sits in.
相传此术出自宋代道士陈抟（希夷先生）——这是传承里的说法，当敬意听，不当信史读。名字本身就是纲领：“紫微”是北极帝星，众星环拱之枢；“斗数”是以南北斗诸星布盘推算之意。整套体系把天上的星，落到您出生那一刻的十二个宫位里：宫说的是人生的哪一方面，星说的是这一方面是什么样子。
Tradition says this art comes from Chen Tuan, a Daoist of the Song dynasty also known as Master Xiyi. That is what the lineage says. Respect it, but do not treat it as proven history. The name of the art tells you what it does. Zi Wei (紫微) is the pole star, the Emperor star that all the other stars turn around. Dou Shu (斗数) means calculating with the stars of the Northern and Southern Dippers. The system takes the stars and places them in twelve palaces, according to the moment you were born. Each palace stands for one area of your life. The stars in it tell you what that area is like.
上面是一张实排的紫微命盘——由本站引擎实时计算（课程里所有图都是活的，不是贴图）。外圈十二格就是十二宫；格里的字是星曜：十四颗主星最要紧，另外还有一批辅星、煞星；有些星旁边还标着禄、权、科、忌——那是四化，由出生年的天干决定，是加在星上的四种变化。现在看不懂每一格没关系，这门课的任务，就是把这张盘一层一层拆给您：宫是什么、星是什么、化是什么、怎么合起来读。
Above is a real Zi Wei chart, calculated live by this site's engine. Every diagram in this course is calculated live, never a pasted picture. The twelve boxes around the outside are the twelve palaces. The characters inside them are stars. The fourteen major stars matter most. There are also a number of minor stars, some helpful and some troublesome. Some stars also carry a small mark for one of the Four Transformations (四化): Lu (禄), Quan (权), Ke (科) or Ji (忌). The year you were born (its heavenly stem, to be exact) decides which four stars get these marks, and each mark changes how its star behaves. Do not worry if you cannot read the palaces yet. The whole job of this course is to take this chart apart for you, one layer at a time: what a palace is, what a star is, what a transformation is, and how to read them together.
上面那张是样盘，下面这块是您自己的盘。从第一课起就养成一个习惯：每学一个概念，立刻回到自己的盘上看一眼——学过的东西落在自己身上，才记得住，也才有分量。
The chart above is a sample. The panel below shows your own chart. Start one habit in this very first lesson: each time you learn a new idea, look for it on your own chart straight away. You remember what you have seen on your own chart, and it means far more to you than any example.
这里先拆掉一个最常见的误会：“我是紫微星”、“我是七杀命”——很多人把紫微斗数当成十四种星座，见面先问对方是哪颗星。这个说法不算错，但小得可惜：命宫主星只是十二格里的一格。您的婚姻在夫妻宫，钱在财帛宫，这十年的主题在当前大限所在的宫，它们各说各的话，常常还互相矛盾——一个命宫强势的人，完全可能配一个软弱的财帛宫。把人压缩成一颗星，等于拿着一张地图只看一个路口。真正的读盘，读的是十二格之间的关系。
First, let us clear up the most common misunderstanding. People say "My star is Zi Wei" or "My star is Qi Sha (七杀)." Many treat Zi Wei Dou Shu as fourteen star signs, and the first thing they ask is which star you are. That is not exactly wrong, but it uses only a tiny part of the chart. The major star in your Life Palace (命宫) sits in just one palace out of twelve. Your marriage is read in the Spouse Palace (夫妻宫) and your money in the Wealth Palace (财帛宫). The theme of the ten years you are living through now is read in the palace of your current decade. Each palace tells its own story, and they often disagree. A person with a strong Life Palace can easily have a weak Wealth Palace. Boiling a person down to one star is like owning a whole map and looking at one street corner. Real chart reading is about how the twelve palaces relate to each other.
12
宫——人生的十二个领域
palaces: twelve areas of life
14
主星——最要紧的十四颗星
major stars: the fourteen that matter most
4
化——禄权科忌四种变化
transformations: Lu, Quan, Ke and Ji
10
年——一个大限管十年
years covered by each decade palace
| 八字 BaZi | 紫微斗数 Zi Wei Dou Shu | |
|---|---|---|
| 取景 How it pictures a life | 天气图：气候与大势 a weather map: the climate and the overall direction | 高清地图：十二宫逐格剧情 a detailed map: a story in each of twelve palaces |
| 基本单位 Basic building blocks | 五行与十神 the five elements and the Ten Gods | 宫位与星曜 palaces and stars |
| 擅长回答 Best at answering | 节奏问题：何时进、何时守 questions of timing: when to push ahead, when to hold back | 领域问题：婚姻、财帛、事业各自怎么走 questions about areas of life: how marriage, money and career each go |
| 时间怎么走 How time moves | 大运流年换气候 each luck pillar changes the climate | 大限流年逐宫点亮 each decade and each year lights up a different palace |
既然两张图画的是同一个人，一个很实际的问题就来了：八字与紫微说法不一致时，听谁的？老手的做法不是二选一，而是把不一致本身当情报。两张图的分工不同——八字擅长节奏（这几年顺不顺、气候偏冷偏热），紫微擅长领域（顺在哪一格、卡又卡在哪一格）。所以八字说“这十年财气旺”、紫微说“财帛宫有忌”，两句话常常都对：钱进得来，是气候；留不住，是那一格的功课。真正的矛盾很少出现在结论上，多半出现在把两套语言硬翻成同一句话的时候。
Both maps describe the same person, so a practical question comes up quickly: when BaZi and Zi Wei disagree, which one do you believe? Experienced readers do not choose one. They treat the disagreement itself as useful information. The two systems do different jobs. BaZi is good at timing: whether these years go smoothly, whether the climate runs hot or cold. Zi Wei is good at areas of life: which palace things go well in, and which one keeps getting stuck. Say BaZi tells you this decade is good for money, while Zi Wei shows a Ji mark in your Wealth Palace. Ji is the transformation that shows where things get stuck. Both readings are usually true. Money comes in, because the climate is good. Money does not stay, because that palace is where you have work to do. Real contradictions between the conclusions are rare. Most apparent contradictions come from forcing two different languages into the same sentence.
这门课怎么教？六个字：学一点，动一手。每课先用一两段话把概念讲透，马上让您在图上、题上、盘上动手；模块推进到中后段，会有口诀卡帮您把规则装进嘴里，有练功房把反应练进手里，还有案例课带您走完整的断盘。学这门课不需要天赋，只需要照着节奏走——紫微斗数是一门可以练出来的手艺。
How does this course teach? A little learning, then a little practice. Each lesson explains one idea in a paragraph or two. Then you use it straight away: on a diagram, in a quiz, or on your own chart. Later in the course you will meet memory hooks (short rhymes that help you remember the rules), drills that make the steps automatic, and case lessons that take you through complete readings. You do not need a special talent. You only need to keep working at a steady pace. Zi Wei Dou Shu is a skill, and a skill can be learned through practice.
还有一件必须诚实交代的事：紫微斗数对出生时辰非常敏感。命宫由生月与生时推出——时辰差一个，命宫就整体挪位，十二宫跟着换门牌，一张盘的读法可能完全不同。所以排盘之前先把出生时间弄准：填出生地当时的时钟时间，并选中出生城市。本站的排盘表单默认打开“真太阳时”，会按出生地的经度把钟表时间换算成真太阳时（不想换算可以关掉）。接近时辰交界的（例如 12:50、13:10 这种）尤其要小心，真太阳时一换算，可能就跨到另一个时辰。若家里长辈只记得“中午前后”，那就用两个时辰各排一张盘，看哪一张与已经发生过的事对得上——用过去反推时辰，是行内公认的笨办法，也是最可靠的办法。
One thing has to be said plainly: Zi Wei is very sensitive to the time of birth. The Life Palace is worked out from your birth month and your birth hour. The Chinese day is divided into twelve two-hour periods. If you are off by one period, the Life Palace moves, all twelve palaces move with it, and the chart can read completely differently. So get the birth time right before anything else. Enter the clock time at the place of birth, and choose the city you were born in. This site's birth form has true solar time switched on by default. It adjusts the clock time for the longitude of your birth city. (You can switch this off.) Take extra care if the birth was close to the boundary between two periods, at 12:50 or 13:10 for example. Once the time is adjusted, it may move into the neighboring period, earlier or later. If your family only remembers "around noon," cast a chart for each of the two possible periods. Then check which one matches events that have already happened in your life. Working backward from the past is slow, but people who practice this art agree that it is the most reliable method.
还有一件同样该在第一课说清楚的事：这门学问回答什么、不回答什么。紫微擅长的是倾向与结构——这个人的性格底色、哪一格容易顺、哪一格容易卡、哪十年是什么主题。它不擅长的是精确到点的事实：不报号码，不报某月某日，更不该拿来断人生死。碰到把话说得又准又硬的（“你三月十七会破财”），先在心里打个问号——越是笃定到分毫的说法，事后越少有人回头检验。检验，恰恰是这门课希望您养成的习惯：任何一条判断，先写下来，再回头对账。学得久的人不是记得最多的人，是敢让自己的判断被验证的人。
There is one more thing to settle in the first lesson: what this art can answer, and what it cannot. Zi Wei is good at tendencies and structure. It shows a person's basic character, which areas of life go smoothly, which ones get stuck, and what each decade is about. It is not good at exact facts. It gives no numbers and no dates, and it must never be used to say whether someone will live or die. Be wary when someone makes a prediction that is both exact and certain, such as "you will lose money on March 17." Claims like that sound impressive, but almost nobody goes back afterward to see whether they came true. Checking is exactly the habit this course wants you to build. Write down every judgment you make, then come back later and see whether it was right. The people who keep improving over the years are not the ones who memorize the most. They are the ones willing to have their judgments tested.
本课要点 · Key takeaways
- 八字看气候大势，紫微看逐格剧情——两张图互补
BaZi reads the climate. Zi Wei reads a life palace by palace. The two maps complement each other. - 传自宋代陈抟是传承之说，敬而不迷
The story that Chen Tuan created the art comes from tradition. Respect it, but do not treat it as history. - 骨架三件套：十二宫（人生的哪一方面）、十四主星（那一方面什么样）、四化（哪里有变化）
A chart has three basic parts: 12 palaces (the areas of life), 14 major stars (what each area is like) and 4 transformations (where things change). - 大限十年一宫——地图会随年龄逐格点亮
Each decade is governed by one palace, so the chart lights up one palace after another as you get older.
紫微斗数与八字最本质的取景差别是？ What is the basic difference between the way Zi Wei and BaZi look at a life?
- 紫微更准也更细，八字已经过时了，可以不必再学 Zi Wei is more accurate and more detailed, so BaZi is out of date and not worth learning
- 八字看整体气候，紫微把人生分成十二宫逐格看 BaZi reads the overall climate, while Zi Wei divides life into twelve palaces and reads them one by one
- 紫微只看爱情，八字只看事业 Zi Wei only reads love, and BaZi only reads careers
答案：2。两门学问无高下之分，是取景不同：八字是天气图，紫微是高清地图——婚姻、财帛、事业各有一宫，格格有剧情。
Answer: 2. Neither system is better than the other. They look at a life in different ways. BaZi is the weather map. Zi Wei is the detailed street map, where marriage, money and career each have a palace of their own and a story in it.
紫微命盘的骨架三件套是？ What are the three basic parts of a Zi Wei chart?
- 十二宫、十四主星、四化 Twelve palaces, fourteen major stars and four transformations
- 十二生肖、西方星座、纳音 The twelve zodiac animals, the Western star signs and the nayin (纳音) elements
- 天干、地支、五行 Stems, branches and the five elements
答案：1。十二宫说人生的哪一方面，十四主星说那一方面是什么样子，四化说哪里有变化——三层装起来就是一张紫微盘。干支五行参与排盘的算术，但看盘的骨架永远是宫、星、化。
Answer: 1. The palaces tell you which area of life you are looking at. The fourteen major stars tell you what that area is like. The transformations show where things change. Put those three layers together and you have a Zi Wei chart. Stems, branches and the five elements are used in the calculations that build the chart. When you read it, though, you always work with palaces, stars and transformations.
本课程的其他免费课 More free lessons in this course
在学院里打开这一课（互动版） · Open the interactive lesson in the Academy不需注册，生辰在您的浏览器里计算。No sign-up needed. Your chart is calculated in your own browser.